Infarct
Infarction, death of tissue resulting from a failure of blood supply, commonly due to obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or narrowing of the blood-vessel channel. The dead tissue is called an infarct. Myocardial infarction (heart attack)—death of a section of heart muscle—results from obstruction of a coronary artery; the condition often accompanies coronary thrombosis. Infarctions may also occur in the lungs (pulmonary infarction) and the brain (see stroke).
Intracereberal hemorrhage (ICH)
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ntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is caused by bleeding within the brain tissue itself — a life-threatening type of stroke. A stroke occurs when the brain is deprived of oxygen and blood supply. ICH is most commonly caused by hypertension, arteriovenous malformations, or head trauma. Treatment focuses on stopping the bleeding, removing the blood clot (hematoma), and relieving the pressure on the brain.
What is an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)?
Tiny arteries bring blood to areas deep inside the brain (see Anatomy of the Brain). High blood pressure (hypertension) can cause these thin-walled arteries to rupture, releasing blood into the brain tissue. Enclosed within the rigid skull, clotted blood and fluid buildup increases pressure that can crush the brain against the bone or cause it to shift and herniate (Fig. 1). As blood spills into the brain, the area that artery supplied is now deprived of oxygen-rich blood – called a stroke. As blood cells within the clot die, toxins are released that further damage brain cells in the area surrounding the hematoma.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
ubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) refers to bleeding within the subarachnoid space, which is the area between the brain and the tissues that cover the brain.
The subarachnoid space is the space where the cerebrospinal fluid circulates, and it’s responsible for protecting your brain from injury by serving as a cushion. A hemorrhage in this space can cause a coma, paralysis, and even death.
This condition can occur quickly, and is often the result of head trauma. The key to survival is immediate medical intervention. Call a doctor or 911 as soon as possible if you or someone you know has the symptoms of SAH.
This life-threatening condition is also rare. According to the Brain Aneurysm Foundation, SAH accounts for between 0.01 and 0.08 percent of visits to the emergency room.
Symptoms of SAH
When SAH develops, it has several symptoms. The main symptom is a sudden, severe headache, which is more intense at the base of the skull. It is often described as the worst headache people have ever experienced. Some people may even feel a popping sensation in their head before the hemorrhage begins.